9.1.+Sciences

=Anatomy= From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: [|navigation], [|search] For other uses, see [|anatomy (disambiguation)]. Anatomy lesson carried out in [|Java], [|Dutch East Indies], date unknown. Anatomy is subdivided into gross anatomy (or macroscopic anatomy) and microscopic anatomy.[|[][|1][|]] Gross anatomy (also called topographical anatomy, regional anatomy, or anthropotomy) is the study of anatomical structures that can be seen by unaided vision with the naked eye.[|[][|1][|]] Microscopic anatomy is the study of minute anatomical structures assisted with [|microscopes], which includes [|histology] (the study of the organization of tissues),[|[][|1][|]] and [|cytology] (the study of cells). The [|history of anatomy] has been characterized, over time, by a continually developing understanding of the functions of [|organs] and structures in the body. Methods have also improved dramatically, advancing from examination of [|animals] through dissection of [|cadavers] (dead human bodies) to technologically complex techniques developed in the 20th century including X-ray, ultrasound, and MRI imaging. Anatomy should not be confused with [|anatomical pathology] (also called morbid anatomy or [|histopathology]), which is the study of the gross and microscopic appearances of [|diseased] [|organs]. [[|hide]]
 * [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/40px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png width="40" height="32"]] || Wikiversity has learning materials about //**[|Topic:Anatomy]**// ||
 * Anatomy** (from the [|Greek] //ἀνατομία anatomia//, from //ἀνατέμνειν ana: separate, apart from, and temnein//, to cut up, cut open) is a branch of [|biology] and [|medicine] that is the consideration of the [|structure of living things]. It is a general term that includes [|human anatomy], animal anatomy (zootomy) and [|plant anatomy] (phytotomy). In some of its facets anatomy is closely related to [|embryology], [|comparative anatomy] and [|comparative embryology],[|[][|1][|]] through common roots in [|evolution].
 * ==Contents==
 * [|1] [|Superficial anatomy]
 * [|2] [|Human anatomy]
 * [|3] [|Other branches]
 * [|4] [|See also]
 * [|5] [|Notes]
 * [|6] [|References]
 * [|7] [|External links] ||

[[|edit]] Superficial anatomy
[|Superficial anatomy] or surface anatomy is important in anatomy being the study of anatomical landmarks that can be readily seen from the contours or the surface of the body.[|[][|1][|]] With knowledge of superficial anatomy, [|physicians] or [|veterinary surgeons] gauge the position and anatomy of the associated deeper structures.

[[|edit]] Human anatomy
Main article: [|Human anatomy] Para-sagittal [|MRI] scan of the head An [|X-ray] of a human [|chest]. Human heart and lungs, from an older edition of //[|Gray's Anatomy]//. Human anatomy, including gross [|human anatomy] and histology, is primarily the scientific study of the [|morphology] of the adult [|human] body.[|[][|1][|]] Generally, students of certain [|biological sciences], [|paramedics], prosthetists and orthotists, [|physiotherapists], [|occupational therapy], [|nurses], and [|medical students] learn gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy from anatomical models, skeletons, textbooks, diagrams, photographs, lectures and tutorials. The study of microscopic anatomy (or [|histology]) can be aided by practical experience examining histological preparations (or slides) under a [|microscope]; and in addition, medical students generally also learn gross anatomy with practical experience of [|dissection] and inspection of cadavers (dead human bodies). [|Human anatomy], [|physiology] and [|biochemistry] are complementary basic medical sciences, which are generally taught to medical students in their first year at medical school. Human anatomy can be taught regionally or systemically;[|[][|1][|]] that is, respectively, studying anatomy by bodily regions such as the head and chest, or studying by specific systems, such as the nervous or respiratory systems. The major anatomy textbook, [|Gray's Anatomy], has recently been reorganized from a systems format to a regional format,[|[][|2][|]][|[][|3][|]] in line with modern teaching methods. A thorough working knowledge of anatomy is required by all [|medical doctors], especially [|surgeons], and doctors working in some diagnostic specialities, such as [|histopathology] and [|radiology]. [|Academic] human anatomists are usually employed by universities, medical schools or teaching hospitals. They are often involved in teaching anatomy, and research into certain systems, organs, tissues or cells.

[[|edit]] Other branches

 * [|Comparative anatomy] relates to the comparison of anatomical structures (both gross and microscopic) in different animals.[|[][|1][|]]
 * Anthropological anatomy or physical anthropology relates to the comparison of the anatomy of different [|races] of humans.
 * Artistic anatomy relates to anatomic studies for artistic reasons